Hyderabad Liberation Day: Remembering the Struggle for Integration

By Shalini Vohra

Hyderabad, Sept 2025 : Hyderabad Liberation Day is observed annually on 17 September to commemorate the historic moment in 1948 when the princely state of Hyderabad was integrated into the Indian Union.

Historical Background
After India gained independence on 15 August 1947, the Nizam of Hyderabad, Mir Osman Ali Khan, sought to keep his state independent instead of joining India or Pakistan. Tensions rose when the Razakars, a militia supporting the Nizam, began suppressing voices advocating for Hyderabad’s integration into India. Growing unrest, administrative challenges, and concerns over law and order ultimately prompted the Indian Government to intervene.

Operation Polo
The military action to integrate Hyderabad was codenamed Operation Polo. Launched in early September 1948, it concluded on 17 September 1948, when the Nizam surrendered. This marked the end of his autonomy and officially brought Hyderabad under the Indian Union. The operation not only ended the Nizam’s rule but also reinforced the authority of the central government in integrating princely states.

Significance & Modern Observance
Hyderabad Liberation Day is more than a historical milestone—it symbolizes India’s integrity, secular character, and democratic values. It honors those who resisted oppression, fought for civil and political rights, and endured the hardships of the period.

In recent years, the Government of India has officially designated 17 September each year as Hyderabad Liberation Day. Across Hyderabad and Telangana, memorials, public functions, flag hoisting ceremonies, and educational events are held to reflect on the events of 1948 and pay tribute to those who played a role in the state’s liberation.

When It Will Be Celebrated
This year, Hyderabad Liberation Day 2025 will be observed on 17 September. Citizens can expect commemorative programs, historical discussions, and cultural events emphasizing the importance of the day.

Conclusion
Hyderabad Liberation Day represents the culmination of a difficult struggle for integration, justice, and national unity. It is a reminder of the sacrifices made during the era and an opportunity to reinforce the values of democracy, secularism, and shared citizenship that continue to shape modern India.